Summary:
UCLA researchers from the Department of Materials Science and Engineering have developed a novel catalyst support framework for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells.
Background:
Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are promising technologies for clean energy applications due to their high efficiency and reduced emissions. These devices consist of catalyst layers that facilitate chemical reactions that convert hydrogen and oxygen into water and electricity. Traditional fuel cells consist of platinum on carbon supports with ionomers that act as proton-conductive binders. Existing fuel cells are limited by increased oxygen transport resistance due to reduced oxygen diffusion and increased costs due to the use of high platinum loadings. Conventional systems often suffer from poor operational stability, which limits their long-term durability. In addition, the polymer membrane used in conventional PEMFC systems is expensive to manufacture, only works at lower temperatures, and has raised environmental concerns. There remains an unmet need for an affordable proton-exchange membrane fuel cell with increased durability and efficiency.
Innovation:
UCLA researchers from the Department of Materials Science and Engineering have developed a novel design for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells. The innovative design integrates an open lattice catalyst support framework that possesses ion-conductive and electron-conductive properties. Ionic groups are grafted onto carbon nanotube bundles, which eliminates the need for ionomers in the catalyst layer. The innovative dual conductivity design facilitates direct access for protons, oxygen and electrons, minimizing mass transport resistance and enhancing fuel cell performance. This novel design provides improved power output better mass transport, and good performance over a wide temperature range. The reported cell design can revolutionize the development of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells by providing enhanced performance and output.
Potential Applications:
• Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs)
• Electrolyzers
• Stationary power generation systems
• Portable power systems
• Hydrogen-powered industrial equipment
• Aerospace and military fuel cell systems
• Anion-exchange membranes for energy devices
• Next-generation energy storage and conversion systems
Advantages:
• Simultaneous ion and electron conductivity
• Reduced oxygen transport resistance
• Enhanced mass transport efficiency
• Increased power output
• Lower platinum loading requirements
• Significant cost reduction in PEMFCs
• Improved durability and stability
Development-To-Date:
First successful demonstration of the invention completed; presented at PRiME 2024.
Reference:
UCLA Case No. 2025-090
Lead Inventor:
Yu Huang